Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis
ثبت نشده
چکیده
The VEE complex of viruses includes six antigenic subtypes (I–VI). Within subtype I there are five antigenic variants (variants AB–F). Originally, subtypes I-A and I-B were considered to be distinct variants, but they are now considered to be identical (I-AB). Antigenic variants I-AB and I-C are associated with epizootic activity in equids and human epidemics. Historically, severe outbreaks have involved many thousands of human and equine cases. The other three variants of subtype I (I-D, I-E, I-F) and the other five subtypes of VEE (II–VI) circulate in natural enzootic cycles. Equidae serve as amplifying hosts for epizootic VEE strains while enzootic VEE viruses cycle primarily between sylvatic rodents and mosquitoes. Enzootic variants and subtypes have been considered to be nonpathogenic for equids, but can cause clinical disease in humans. During 1993 and 1996 limited outbreaks of encephalitis in horses in Mexico were shown to be caused by enzootic VEE viruses of subtype I-E. More recently, sporadic outbreaks have occurred in Mexico, Central America, and northern and western parts of South America. Human enzootic subtypes reach more broadly into northern Central America and South America (Weaver, 2012).
منابع مشابه
Nonviable Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis hemagglutinin prepared from tissue cultures by gamma radiation.
Hemagglutinins of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus were produced in tissue cultures, and the infective virus was rendered nonviable by exposure to gamma radiation.
متن کاملCell surface antigen induced by venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus.
By immunofluorescence staining, a specific surface antigen induced by Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus was detected on L-929 cells. Formation of the antigen was independent of viral ribonucleic acid synthesis.
متن کاملEastern, Western and Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Sleeping Sickness Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE), Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Eastern Encephalitis Western Equine Encephalomyelitis (WEE), Western Equine Encephalitis Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (VEE), Peste Loca, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis, Venezuelan Encephalitis, Venezuelan Equine Fever
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE), western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE), and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) viruses are mosquito-borne pathogens that can cause nonspecific illnesses and encephalitis in equids (horses, mules, burros, donkeys and zebras) and humans in the Americas. Some of these viruses also affect birds and occasionally other mammals. No specific treatment is a...
متن کاملAlphaviral equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern, Western and Venezuelan).
Summary Alphaviral equine encephalomyelitis is a mosquito-borne infection that causes severe neurological disease and fatalities in horses and humans in the Americas. Consequently, the equine alphaviruses (Eastern, Western and Venezuelan) are of considerable concern worldwide and are notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health. In addition, these diseases are considered a potent pote...
متن کاملEffect of in Vitro Cultivation on the Pathogenicity of Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus
Continued in vitro cultivation in a Maitland type medium resulted in a marked modification of the extraneural pathogenicity of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. The ability of the virus to induce lethal infections after peripheral inoculation was almost completely lost for mice 42 or more days of age, was somewhat reduced for mice 28 days of age, but was still retained for mice 21 ...
متن کامل